O objetivo deste trabalho é desafiar as correntes tradicionais da bioética, que fundamentam ideais abstratos de imparcialidade, cidadania universal e autonomia absoluta; confrontá-los a partir do conhecimento situado e do reconhecimento da matriz de dominação interseccional vigente na América Latina. Procura investigar como transformar múltiplas desigualdades, repolitizando a justiça interseccional, a agência política em momentos críticos de progresso e colonização dos nossos bens comuns. Nossa proposta final é uma bioética crítica interseccional, representativa e participativa, que inclua de forma não subordinada (...) as vozes e os conhecimentos dos outros, focada em nossas necessidades regionais, promovendo nossa autonomia relacional e o cuidado com a vida, em e para nossos territórios, comunidades e as gerações futuras. (shrink)

O presente artigo trata da influência exercida pela filosofia kantiana na actualidade a partir da chamada crise da Modernidade ilustrada. Os autores começam por analisar o posicionamento original kantiano, incidindo especialmente na sua concepção do criticismo e do transcendentalismo. Esta análise é feita a partir da perspectiva da aberta pela Kritik der Urteilskraft enquanto marco do sistema da razão, capaz de incorporar a finitude da mesma. Seguidamente são analisadas a recepção e a transformação do pensamento kantiano a partir de duas (...) correntes filosóficas actuais: o Racionalismo Crítico de Karl Popper e Hans Albert, e a Pragmática Transcendental da linguagem de KarlOtto Apel. Em ambos os casos se compara o seu modo próprio de incorporar as noções de crítica e transcendentalidade com a concepção original de Kant. (shrink)

Convocada por diferentes estudiosos de los Padres de la Iglesia y del cristianismo antiguo en Latinoamérica, a saber, los profesores Ana Cristina Villa Betancourt, Andrés Mauricio Quevedo Rodríguez y Estiven Valencia Marín, de Colombia; Alejandro Nicola y Francisco Basttita-Harriet, de Argentina; Bruno Gripp, de Brasil; Pamela Chávez Aguilar, de Chile; y Jesús Ma. Aguiñaga Fernández, de México.

En esta investigación analizaremos los artículos que escribieron Domingo F. Sarmiento y Juana P. Manso sobre la educación de las mujeres en la provincia de Buenos Aires publicados en las revistas Anales de la Educación Común y La Educación Común durante el período 1858- 1878. Buscamos mostrar que sus intervenciones hicieron foco, por un lado, en criticar las políticas que implementaban los distintos funcionarios y por el otro, en elaborar propuestas para mejorar la situación de escolarización de las niñas, que (...) obtuvieron distintos resultados. En un contexto nacional de elevado analfabetismo femenino, ambos acusaban a los responsables de mantener las escuelas de niñas y la Escuela Normal bajo el control de una asociación privada que ofrecía una educación limitada a la costura y el bordado; resistirse a abandonar el sistema lancasteriano de enseñanza que, si bien en teoría había dejado de existir, persistía en la manera en que se organizaban las escuelas; y demorarse en la creación de escuelas graduadas para mujeres con los grados superiores. Del lado de las propuestas, señalaremos de qué manera, gracias a estos reiterados reclamos realizados a través de las revistas y en sus roles como funcionarios en distintas épocas, Sarmiento y Manso fueron logrando que la escolarización de las niñas en líneas generales resultase cada vez más extensa y de mejor calidad, aunque persistieron los problemas en otros ámbitos. (shrink)

Los acelerados cambios científicos tecnológicos y sociales exigen de los centros de Educación Superior la búsqueda de nuevas vías y el perfeccionamiento de las ya existentes para lograr egresados más competentes. La tutoría se identifica como un proceso educativo que debe favorecer el pleno desarrollo personal e integral del estudiante, en el que éste se conciba como sujeto activo y responsable de su propio proceso de formación. En este sentido cobra una especial importancia el proceso de interacción en el desarrollo (...) de la tutoría. El artículo tiene como objetivo fundamentar la importancia de dicha interacción, mediante un breve análisis teórico y la exposición de algunos resultados de su diagnóstico en el contexto de tres carreras universitarias. The accelerated social, scientific and technological changes demand of Higher Education centers, the search for new ways to create more competent graduates, as well as to improve the existing ones. Tutorship is identified as a teaching process that must favour the complete personal and comprehensive development of the student, in which he must be seen as an active individual responsible for his own formative process. This way, the interactive process of developing tutorship takes on special significance. This article aims at supporting the importance of such interaction, by means of a brief theoretical analysis and by setting out some results of its diagnostic in the context of three university degree courses. (shrink)

Este trabajo se centra en el papel de la gestisn de la superacisn de los directivos universitarios y el reto que significa para las universidades latinoamericanas. Desde una perspectiva ciencia- tecnologma y sociedad se pretende determinar las condiciones sociales en que se sustenta la necesidad de elaboracisn de un modelo de superacisn en la gestisn acadimica de los directivos para perfeccionar el proceso formativo de la Escuela Superior Politicnica de Manabm "Manuel Filix Lspez", en Ecuador. A partir de un diagnsstico (...) realizado previamente en esa universidad se identificaron limitaciones en el modelo de gestisn de superacisn actual, que demandan el diseqo e implementacisn de un modelo, ajustado a las necesidades sociales concretas de ese centro de educacisn superior. The role of negotiation in order to improve the level of the principal staff in higher education is the main objective of this research. This work was carried out through a scientific and technologic point of view based on a creative model which develop a formative process at Manuel Filix Lspez" polytechical school in Ecuador. A diagnosis revealed the necessity of implementing a model according to the real needs in higher education. (shrink)

Parental burnout is a unique and context-specific syndrome resulting from a chronic imbalance of risks over resources in the parenting domain. The current research aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment across Spanish-speaking countries with two consecutive studies. In Study 1, we analyzed the data through a bifactor model within an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling on the pooled sample of participants obtaining good fit indices. We then attained measurement invariance across both gender (...) and countries in a set of nested models with gradually increasing parameter constraints. Latent means comparisons across countries showed that among the participants’ countries, Chile had the highest parental burnout score, likewise, comparisons across gender evidenced that mothers displayed higher scores than fathers, as shown in previous studies. Reliability coefficients were high. In Study 2, we tested the relations between parental burnout and three specific consequences, i.e., escape and suicidal ideations, parental neglect, and parental violence toward one’s children. The medium to large associations found provided support for the PBA’s predictive validity. Overall, we concluded that the Spanish version of the PBA has good psychometric properties. The results support its relevance for the assessment of parental burnout among Spanish-speaking parents, offering new opportunities for cross-cultural research in the parenting domain. (shrink)

RESUMENEl presente artículo examina el análisis efectuado por La Mothe le Vayer acerca del hecho religioso y su problemática en su obra Dialogues faits à l´imitation des anciens. Desde un acusado escepticismo, presenta la religión como una construcción cultural y convencional. La filosofía, en tanto ejercicio de análisis escéptico, ofrecerá una visión de la moral y la religión alejadas por completo de toda sacralizad. Serán, sin embargo, instrumentos muy útiles para el Estado y, si se administran bien, redundarán en la (...) cohesión social y en la pax politica.PALABRAS CLAVEESCEPTICISMO, CONVENCIÓN, RAZÓN DE ESTADOABSTRACTIn this paper we examine the analysis carried out by La Mothe le Vayer of the religious matter and its problems in his work Dialogues faits à l´imitation des anciens. From a marked scepticism, he presents religion as a cultural and conventional entity. Philosophy, as an exercise of sceptical analysis, offers a view of morality and religion totally removed from any sacredness. Both are, however, very useful instruments for the State and, when well administered, beneficial to social cohesion and pax politica.KEY WORDSSCEPTICISM, CONVENTIOM, REASON OF STATE. (shrink)

The book explores how images register the relation between societies and theirs and others' health epistemic ecosystems. The author focuses on presumably trivial objects, such as vlogs, a toy, or a facial cream, to show how nature is presumed and represented as part of the care and cure of the body.

Resumen: A partir del último libro de La gaya ciencia en este trabajo procedo, en primer lugar, a fijar los rasgos del nuevo entendimiento nietzscheano de la creencia en cuanto un determinar activo contrapuesto a la pretensión de verdad entendida como corrección o ajuste de la representación, es decir, en cuanto contracreencia. En segundo lugar, caracterizo a grandes rasgos lo que hay que considerar como creencia específicamente nietzscheana, constitutiva del sentido nuclear de su producción filosófica. Debemos denominar "fe dionisíaca" a (...) esa "creencia", en el entendido de que resulta imposible fijarla y definirla en un sentido estricto porque no excluiría nada, ni siquiera a sus opuestos.: Based on The Gay Science’s last book, in this paper I proceed, first, to set the features of the new Nietzschean understanding of belief as an active determining opposed to the claim of truth traditionally understood as correction or adjustment of representation. That is to say, belief understood, in an important even though paradoxical sense, as counterbelief. Second, I aim to characterize although roughly what could be considered as the specifically Nietzschean belief, constitutive of his philosophical production’s core meaning. We should call that "belief" the "Dionysian faith", in the understanding that fixing and defining it would be strictly speaking rather impossible, since it does not exclude anything, not even its opposites. (shrink)

This study explores the rationality behind firms’ decision to admit or deny their involvement in bribery when responding to confidential surveys conducted by international agencies. Specifically, we posit that firms’ reluctance to provide accurate information about their engagement in bribery is at least to some extent contingent on certain situational factors. In other words, we claim that this behavior is context dependent. The paper uses the notions provided by the theory of planned behavior to understand the way in which the (...) corruption of the legal environment, the intensity of market competition, and identification risk influence firms’ decision to lie about their involvement in bribery. To test these notions, we use databases from the fifth wave of the EBRD-World Bank Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey, country-level data from the Kauffman Foundation and macroeconomic information from the World Bank database. We run ordinary least squares with geographic region-clustered standard errors on data from 30 countries and 6122 individual firms during the period 2012–2013. Consistent with our expectations, the results indicate that firms operating within more corrupt legal environments, facing more competition, and bearing a higher risk of being identified are less likely to deny their involvement in bribery. We conclude that not all firms have the same incentives to lie about their participation in bribery, and therefore, identifying the drivers of this heterogeneity may help policymakers better assess the reliability of bribery information collected through confidential surveys. (shrink)

Descartes and the fruits of mechanics: the conquest of the earthly good life Resumen: El proyecto de Descartes profesa un notable interés encaminado al dominio de la naturaleza que, en última instancia, debe conducir al sujeto a vivir la mejor vida posible. A este propósito se dirigen los distintos frutos, resultado de la ciencia cartesiana: Medicina, Moral y Mecánica. El presente artículo analiza los frutos de la mecánica a fin de determinar su papel respecto a la consecución de una buena (...) vida. Para ello se analizará el tipo de bien de que nos provee la mecánica, así como los distintos instrumentos que permiten su consecución. Palabras clave: artefactos, artesanos, bienes terrenales, buena vida, comodidad, Descartes, frutos de la mecánica.: The Cartesian project professes a remarkable interest in the mastery of nature which, ultimately, leads the subject to live the best possible life. The various fruits of the philosophical tree which result from the Cartesian science —Medicine, Moral and Mechanics— are directed to this purpose. This paper analyzes the fruits of mechanics in order to determine its role in the achievement of a good life. For this purpose, it will be analyzed the kind of good which mechanics provides us and the various instruments necessary to achieve it. Keywords: artifacts, craftsman, Descartes, comfort, earthly goods, fruits of mechanics, good life. (shrink)

Partiendo de las deficiencias detectadas en la realización de la discusión diagnóstica por los estudiantes de Medicina, determinadas en un estudio previo realizado en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, se diseñó una metodología para perfeccionar la realización de la discusión diagnóstica en la carrera de Medicina, en la cual se incluyeron un sistema de tareas y las acciones que permiten alcanzar el desarrollo de las habilidades relacionadas con la misma. También se reflejaron las formas organizativas de enseñanza y (...) las actividades de educación en el trabajo en las que se deben abordar los elementos de la metodología, así como la propuesta de criterios evaluativos para estas habilidades, y otros aspectos como la ejecución y evaluación de la metodología. Se consideró que esta propuesta metodológica puede constituir una herramienta útil para los profesores en la conducción del proceso de adquisición de las habilidades de razonamiento clínico en los estudiantes. On the basis of the deficiencies identified in the realization of the diagnostic discussion by medical students, which were determined in a previous study carried out in the Faculty of medical sciences of Camagüey, a methodology was designed to improve the realization of the diagnostic discussion in Medicine degree, which included a set of tasks and actions that allow the development of skills related to it. Also, the teaching organization forms and education activities at work that must deal with methodology elements were stated, as well as the proposal of assessment criteria for these skills and other aspects like assessment and implementation of methodology. It was considered that this methodology can be used as a useful tool for teachers as guides in the process of students´ acquirement of clinical reasoning skills. (shrink)

The object of this paper is to provide a solution to Nelson Goodman’s Imperfect Community difficulty as it arises for Resemblance Nominalism, the view that properties are classes of resembling particulars. The Imperfect Community difficulty consists in that every two members of a class resembling each other is not sufficient for it to be a class such that there is some property common to all their members, even if ‘x resembles y’ is understood as ‘x and y share some property’. (...) In the paper I explain and criticise several solutions to the difficulty. Then I develop my own solution, which is not subject to the objections I make to the other solutions, and which accords completely with the basic tenets of Resemblance Nominalism. (shrink)

It is sometimes claimed that we perceive people’s mental states in their expressive features. This paper clarifies the claim by contrasting two possible readings, depending on whether expression is conceived relationally or non-relationally. A crucial difference between both readings is that only a non-relational conception of expression ensures direct access to other minds. The paper offers an argument for a non-relational conception of expression, and therefore for the view that we directly perceive people’s mental states in their expressive features.

It is not uncommon for patients with advanced disease to express a wish to hasten death. Qualitative studies of the WTHD have found that such a wish may have different meanings, none of which can be understood outside of the patient’s personal and sociocultural background, or which necessarily imply taking concrete steps to ending one’s life. The starting point for the present study was a previous systematic review of qualitative studies of the WTHD in advanced patients. Here we analyse in (...) greater detail the statements made by patients included in that review in order to examine their moral understandings and representations of illness, the dying process and death. We identify and discuss four classes of assumptions: assumptions related to patients’ moral understandings in terms of dignity, autonomy and authenticity; assumptions related to social interactions; assumptions related to the value of life; and assumptions related to medicalisation as an overarching context within which the WTHD is expressed. Our analysis shows how a philosophical perspective can add to an understanding of the WTHD by taking into account cultural and anthropological aspects of the phenomenon. We conclude that the knowledge gained through exploring patients’ experience and moral understandings in the end-of-life context may serve as the basis for care plans and interventions that can help them experience their final days as a meaningful period of life, restoring some sense of personal dignity in those patients who feel this has been lost. (shrink)

At a crucial juncture in Plato’s Sophist, when the interlocutors have reached their deepest confusion about being and not-being, the Eleatic Visitor proclaims that there is yet hope. Insofar as they clarify one, he maintains, they will equally clarify the other. But what justifies the Visitor’s seemingly oracular prediction? A new interpretation explains how the Visitor’s hope is in fact warranted by the peculiar aporia they find themselves in. The passage describes a broader pattern of ‘exploring both sides’ that lends (...) insight into Plato’s aporetic method. (shrink)

Peter van Inwagen has given an answer to the question ‘Why is there something rather than nothing?’. His answer is: Because there being nothing is as improbable as anything can be: it has probability 0. Here I shall examine his argument for this answer and I shall argue that it does not work because no good reasons have been given for two of the argument’s premises and that the conclusion of the argument does not constitute an answer to the question (...) van Inwagen wanted to answer. (shrink)

L’article relate la prise en charge de la vulnérabilité et de la « folie » des résidents du site des Grands Voisins, tout particulièrement à travers les activités d’accompagnement que les associations Aurore et Yes We Camp ont proposées pour le projet d’insertion « Les Comptoirs du projet Food », qui a réuni des cuisiniers professionnels et non professionnels autour d’une expérience de cuisine partagée.

how does one inquire into the truth of first principles? Where does one begin when deciding where to begin? Aristotle recognizes a series of difficulties when it comes to understanding the starting points of a scientific or philosophical system, and contemporary scholars have encountered their own difficulties in understanding his response. I will argue that Aristotle was aware of a Platonic solution that can help us uncover his own attitude toward the problem.Aristotle's central problem with first principles arises from the (...) fact that they cannot be demonstrated in the same way as other propositions. Since demonstrations proceed from prior and better-known principles, if the principles themselves were in need of... (shrink)